Search results for "Interleukin 4"

2017

AbstractInterleukin-4 plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses and has been detected at high levels in the tumour microenvironment of cancer patients, where concentrations correlate with the grade of malignancy. In prostate cancer, interleukin-4 has been associated with activation of the androgen receptor, increased proliferation and activation of survival pathways such as Akt and NF-κB. However, its role in therapy resistance has not yet been determined. Here we investigate the influence of interleukin-4 on primary epithelial cells from prostate cancer patients. Our data demonstrate an increase in the clonogenic potential of these cells when cultured in the presence of i…

CD16+ Macrophages Mediate Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

2017

Background and Aims Fibrosis is a common complication of Crohn's disease [CD], and is related to dysregulated tissular repair following inflammation, in which macrophages play a central role. We have previously observed that STAT6-/- mice present delayed mucosal recovery after 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid [TNBS]-induced colitis due to a deficiency in reparatory interleukin-4 [IL4]/STAT6-dependent M2 macrophages, which can be reverted by the exogenous transfer of this cell type. In the present study, we analyse the role of STAT6-dependent macrophages in intestinal fibrosis. Methods Colitis was induced by weekly intra-rectal administration of TNBS [6 weeks] to STAT6-/- mice and wild-typ…

IL-4 induces the formation of multinucleated giant cells and expression of ?5 integrin in central giant cell lesion

2017

Background It is now well established that IL-4 has a central role in the development of monocytes to multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) by inducing the expression of integrins on the surface of monocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of IL-4 in induction of β5 integrin expression in the peripheral blood samples of patients with giant cell granuloma. Material and Methods Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood samples of patients with central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and healthy controls using human Monocyte Isolation Kit II. Isolated monocytes were then cultured in the absence or presence of IL-4 (10 and 20 ng/mL), and following RNA extraction and cDN…

Subacute effects of ozone exposure on cultivated human respiratory mucosa.

2001

This study was designed to investigate subacute effects of long-term exposure of both healthy and chronically inflamed human respiratory mucosa to ozone. Functional and metabolic effects on ciliary beat frequency (CBF), release of interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and γ interferon (g-INF), as well as cellular viability and cytotoxicity, were monitored. Cell cultures of 60 specimens (healthy mucosa: n = 30, inflamed mucosa: n = 30) were exposed to synthetic air and to ozone-enriched synthetic air in different concentrations of WO, 500, and WOO μg/m3. Continuous expositions were performed using an air/liquid interface cell culture technique for a period of 4 weeks. CBF was monitore…

Total synthesis and biological evaluation of the natural product (−)-cyclonerodiol, a new inhibitor of IL-4 signaling

2014

In a screening program of natural compounds from fungi, the known cyclopentanoid sesquiterpene (-)-cyclonerodiol was identified as a specific inhibitor of the IL-4 induced STAT6 signaling pathway (IC50 = 9.7 μM) which is required for the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells to T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. As many allergic conditions, including allergic asthma and atopic diseases, are driven by an excessive Th2 response, STAT6 is a promising target for the development of new therapeutics. The compound was synthesized in six steps from (-)-linalool using an epoxide radical cyclization as the key step.

gamma-Interferon, interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 in vitro production in old subjects.

1993

It is well known that ageing is associated with various alterations of the lymphoid cell functions. Although both B and T cell are affected, the last appear to be more sensitive to ageing process. During the past years, to gain insight into thé mechanism(s) of this impairment, effort has been centered on the helper T cells specifically engaged in the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) because of the pivotal role played by this cytokine in the activation of several immune functions. The results have demonstrated that the ability to produce IL-2 declines with age. In this paper we report the results of a study performed to determine the influence of age on the capacity to produce gamma-interf…

Apoptosis resistance in epithelial tumors is mediated by tumor-cell-derived interleukin-4

2008

We investigated the mechanisms involved in the resistance to cell death observed in epithelial cancers. Here, we identify that primary epithelial cancer cells from colon, breast and lung carcinomas express high levels of the antiapoptotic proteins PED, cFLIP, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. These cancer cells produced interleukin-4 (IL-4), which amplified the expression levels of these antiapoptotic proteins and prevented cell death induced upon exposure to TRAIL or other drug agents. IL-4 blockade resulted in a significant decrease in the growth rate of epithelial cancer cells and sensitized them, both in vitro and in vivo, to apoptosis induction by TRAIL and chemotherapy via downregulation of the antia…

In Vitro Cytokine Production by HLA-B8, DR3 Positive Subjects

1994

It is well known that healthy subjects carrying the HLA-B8,DR3 haplotype may show an impairment of immune system, the T cells being the most affected. To gain insight into the mechanism(s) of the impairment displayed by these subjects, efforts have been centered on the study of in vitro cytokine production because of the pivotal role played by these mediators in the activation and control of several immune functions. The available results indicate that the ability to several immune functions. The available results indicate that the ability to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2 and the soluble form of its receptor (sIL-2R) is impaired in HLA-B8,DR3 positive healthy subjects. To better charac…

Control of target cell survival in thyroid autoimmunity by T helper cytokines via regulation of apoptotic proteins

2000

After autoimmune inflammation, interactions between CD95 and its ligand (CD95L) mediate thyrocyte destruction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Conversely, thyroid autoimmune processes that lead to Graves' disease (GD) result in autoantibody-mediated thyrotropin receptor stimulation without thyrocyte depletion. We found that GD thyrocytes expressed CD95 and CD95L in a similar manner to HT thyrocytes, but did not undergo CD95-induced apoptosis either in vivo or in vitro. This pattern was due to the differential production of TH1 and TH2 cytokines. Interferon gamma promoted caspase up-regulation and CD95-induced apoptosis in HT thyrocytes, whereas interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 protected GD …

Role of interleukin-4 in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus : a systematic review

2020

Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a premalignant mucocutaneous disease that affects 1-2% of the adult population. Immunological factor may act as etiological factor. The cellular immune cells such as T cells are important in pathogenesis of OLP. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is secreted by T-helper 2 (Th2). Several studies have been carried out on the role of IL-4 in OLP. The aim of this study was to review the level of IL-4 in OLP, effective factors in the production of IL-4 and its role in the development of OLP. Material and Methods A search in PubMed was performed on the literature published from 2000 until august 2019 using the following keywords: “oral lichen planus” or “OLP” and “interle…